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1 κλείς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `bar, bolt' (sec. `rowing bench', Leumann Hom. Wörter 209), ` hook, key, collar bone' (Il.).Other forms: κλειδός, κλεῖν (late κλεῖδα), older κλῄς, κλῃδός, κλῃ̃δα (on the notation Schwyzer 201f.), ep. Ion. κληΐς, - ῖδος, - ῖδα, Dor. κλᾱΐς, - ῖδος beside - ίδος (Simon., Pi.; Aeol.?, cf. Schwyzer 465), besides κλᾳξ (Theoc.), κλαικος, - κα (Epid., Mess.)Dialectal forms: Myc.. karawiporo = κλαϜι-φόροςCompounds: Compp., e. g. κλειδ-οῦχος ( κλῃδ-) m. f. `key-holder' (inscr.), κατα-κλείς, - κληΐς `lock, case, quiver' (Att.; from κατα-κλείω);Derivatives: Diminut. κλειδίον (Ar., Arist.); κλειδᾶς m. `lock-smith' (pap., inscr., Empire); late denomin. κλειδόω (Smyrna, pap.) with κλείδωσις (sch.), - ωμα (Suid.). - Old denomin. κλείω, Oldatt. κλῄω, Ion. κληΐω (Hdt.), late κλῄζω ( Hymn. Is., AP), Theoc. κλᾳζω, aor. ep. Ion. κληϊ̃σαι, κληΐσσαι (Od.), Oldatt. κλῃ̃σαι, Att. κλεῖσαι, pass. κληϊσθῆναι, κλῃσθῆναι, κλεισθῆναι (Ion. resp. Att.), κλᾳσθῆναι (Theoc.), fut. κλῄσω (Th.), κλείσω, perf. κέκλῃκα (Ar.), κέκλεικα (hell.), midd. κέκλῃμαι (-ήϊμαι), κέκλειμαι, Dor. κέκλᾳνται (Epich.); after it Dor. aor. ( κλαΐξαι) κλᾳ̃ξαι, pass. κλαιχθείς, fut. κλᾳξῶ (Theoc., Rhod.), backformed present ποτι-κλᾳγω (Heracl.), often with prefix, esp. ἀπο-, κατα-, συν-, `shut, block'. From there κλήϊθρον, κλῃ̃θρον, κλεῖθρον, κλᾳ̃θρον `lock, block' (IA. h. Merc. 146, Dor.) with κλειθρίον (Hero), κλειθρία `key-hole' (Luc.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 54), κλάϊστρον (Pi.), κλεῖστρον (Luc.) `lock', κλῃ̃σις, κλεῖσις (Th., Aen. Tact.), κλεῖσμα, κλεισμός (hell.; also ἀπόκλῃσις etc. from ἀπο-κλείω etc.); verbal adj. κληϊστός, κλῃστός, κλειστός (ep. IA.), κλαικτός ( κλᾳκτός) `what can be locked' (Argiv., Mess.). - On κλεισίον s. κλίνω.Etymology: Ion. Att. κλη(Ϝ)ῑ-δ- and Dor. κλᾱ(Ϝ)ῑ-κ- are dental- resp. velar enlargements of an ῑ-stem, which can still be seen in κληΐω. (Diff. Debrunner Mus. Helv. 3, 45ff.: κληΐω backformation from κληι̃̈̈ (δ)-σαι, from κληϊ̄δ-, cf. κληϊσ-τός). Att. κλεῖν can be easily explained (with Debrunner l. c.; also Schulze Kl. Schr. 419) as analogical to κλείς ( ναῦς: ναῦν a. o.). The ῑ-stem is based on a noun *κλᾱϜ(-ο)- like e. g. κνημί̄-δ- on κνήμη, χειρί̄-δ- on χείρ (Schwyzer 465, Chantraine Formation 346f.). - An exact agreement of the basic word can be found in Lat. clāvus `nail, pin', beside which, with the same meaning as the derived κληΐς, clāvis `key, block'; because of the semantic identity a loan from Greek has been considered, cf. Ernout-Meillet s. v. and (rejecting) W.-Hofmann 1, 230. (But clātrī pl. `lattice-work' from pl. Dor. κλᾳ̃θρα). Further there is a Celtic word, e. g. OIr. clō, pl. clōi `nail' (Lat. LW [loanword]?). Slavic has a few words with an eu-diphthong, IE. *klē̆u-, e. g. OCS a. Russ. ključь `key', SCr. kljȕka `hook, ey, clamp'. - The original meaning of the word was prob. `nail, pin, hook', instruments, of old use for locking doors. - More forms in Pok. 604f., W.-Hofmann s. claudō, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kliū́ti.Page in Frisk: 1,867-868Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλείς
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2 κύβος
A cube, Ti.Locr.98c; esp. cubical die, marked on all six sides, mostly in pl., dice, Hdt.1.94, etc.;κύβων βολαί S. Fr. 429
;ἐν πτώσει κύβων Pl.R. 604c
;περὶ κύβους τὰς διατριβὰς ποιούμενοι Lys.16.11
: prov., ἀεὶ γὰρ εὖ πίπτουσιν οἱ Διὸς κ., i.e. God's work is no mere chance, S.Fr. 895; ;ἄλλα βλήματ' ἐν κύβοις βαλεῖν E.Supp. 330
; : later in sg.,οἶδ' ὅτι ῥιπτῶ πάντα κύβον κεφαλῆς.. ὕπερθεν ἐμῆς AP5.24
(Phld.);τὸν περὶ τῶν ὅλων ἀναρρίψων κύβον Plu.Fab.14
, cf. Luc.Pr.Im.16;ἐφ' ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς ἀναρρίπτειν τὸν κ. Id.Harm.3
; ἀνερρίφθω κ., Lat. jacta esto alea, Men.65.4, Plu.Caes. 32; ἔσχατον κύβον ἀφιέναι try one's luck for the last time, Id.Cor. 3.2 of the single pips on the dice, βέβληκ' Ἀχιλλεὺς δύο κύβω καὶ τέσσαρα he has thrown two aces and a four, E.Fr. 888: prov., τρὶς ἓξ.. ἢ τρεῖς κύβους βάλλειν 'all or nothing', Pl.Lg. 968e, cf. Pherecr. 124.3 in pl., gaming-table, Hermipp.27.4 kind of cubic cake, Eup.424, Heraclid. ap. Ath.3.114a.6 part of an irrigation-machine, BGU 1546 (iii B.C.), PLond.3.1177.216 (ii A.D.). [ κῦβος only in late Poets, AP14.8; coebus Aus.Idyll.11.3.] -
3 ξαίνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `card, comb wool ', metaph.. `scratch, mangle, lacerate' (ξ 423, IA.).Other forms:, fut. ξανῶ, aor. ξῆναι (late ξᾶναι), pass. ξανθῆναι, perf. midd. ἔξασμαι (hell. also ἔξαμμαι).Derivatives: ξάντης m. `woolcarder' (Pl.) with ξαντική (sc. τέχνη) f. `the art of carding wool' (Pl.), f. ξάντριαι `woolcadsters' (tit. of a drama of A.); ξάσμα n. `carded wool' (S. Fr. 1073), also ξάμμα (H. s. πεῖκος), ἀναξασ-μός m. `lacerating' (midd.), ξάνσις f. `carding of wool,' (Gloss.), ξάνιον n. `comb for carding' (Poll., AB, H.), also = ἐπί-ξηνον (Poll.), prob. after κτένιον, but not with Specht Ursprung 239 as old formation; ξανάω (Nik.), - ῆσαι (S.Fr. 498) `(with carding) work hard', ἀποξανᾶν κακοπαθεῖν H.; cf. ὑφανάω: ὑφαίνω and similar cases in Schwyzer 700. -- Here prob. also ἐπίξηνον `chopping-block' with unclear formation (diff., hardly correct, s.v.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Technical expression of woolpreparation, prob. first after the related ὑφαίνω; to ξέω, ξύω (s. vv. and Schwyzer 714). Outside Greek there are no agreements; the comparison with Lat. sentis m. `thorn-bush' (since Persson Stud. 135) is quite hypothetical. After Haas Ling. Posn. 3,76ff. ξαίνω, ξέω, ξύω belong as `protoidg.' to NHG hauen a. cognates, like ὀξύς to ὠκύς etc. (?). The (root)form ξαν- is difficult to explain from IE.; so Pre-Greek? Note also the unexplained ἐπίξηνον.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ξαίνω
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